Reasonable choice of cutting fluid can effectively reduce the cutting force, reduce cutting temperature, reduce processing system thermal deformation, extend tool life and improve the machined surface quality, difficult to machine materials, the choice of high-performance cutting fluid improve cutting performance of important measures. Cutting fluid should have anti-foam, anti-mildew qualitative, metamorphic odor emissions do not pollute the environment, harmless to human body and the use of economic and other requirements.

Cutting fluid effects

1. The cooling effect: cutting fluid pouring in the cutting area, the use of heat conduction, convection and vaporization, reducing the cutting temperature and reduce the processing system thermal deformation.

2. Lubricating effect: the infiltration of cutting fluid to the tool, the chip and between the machined surface, the friction between the contact surfaces is reduced, wherein the polar molecules adsorbed on the tool fresh grease, on the rear face, the formation of physically adsorbed film, If cutting fluid added chemical substances produced during the chemical reaction, the formation of the chemical adsorption film, the chemical film may be at a high temperature to reduce the friction between the contact surfaces, and reduce adhesion. The adsorbed film has played a role of reduced tool wear and to improve the surface quality.

3. Exclude chips or boot chip flow, chip removal and washing effects: grinding, drilling, deep hole machining and automated production casting or high pressure water jet cutting fluid rinse scattered in the machine tools and tools fines and abrasive.

4. Rust effect: the cutting fluid was added the anti-rust additive, from a chemical reaction with the metal surface to form a protective film, played antirust, anti-corrosion effect.

Types of cutting fluid

Commonly used in production of the cutting fluid are: mainly of the water-soluble cutting fluid to cool and to lubricate the main oil-soluble cutting fluid.

(A) water-soluble cutting fluid is divided into: aqueous solution, emulsion, and synthetic cutting fluid.

1. Aqueous solution: is soft water-based join anti-rust agents, antifungal agents, has a better cooling effect. Some aqueous solution was added the oily additive, a surfactant and an aqueous solution was transparent, in order to enhance the lubricity and cleaning properties. Moreover, if the add the extreme pressure and antiwear agent can be achieved in the high temperature and pressure to increase the strength of the lubricating film. The aqueous solution is commonly used in roughing and grinding.

2. Emulsion: water and emulsified oil and then mixed by stirring, the formation of milky liquid. The use of the emulsion is very wide, can be allowed to prepare a low concentration of the emulsion containing less emulsified oil called it cooling effect, suitable for roughing and grinding; high concentration emulsion lubricant suitable for the finishing and complex tooling.

3. Synthetic cutting fluid: abroad promote the use of high-performance cutting fluid, which is comprised of water, various surface active agents, and chemical additives, it has good cooling, lubricating, cleaning and anti-rust effect, good thermal stability, the use of long cycle. Synthetic cutting fluid, oil, saves energy, environmentally usage is high, both at home and abroad.

(B) Oil-soluble cutting fluid

Oil-soluble cutting liquid: cutting oil, and extreme pressure cutting oils.

1. Cutting oil: cutting oil, mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils and the composite oil (mineral oil, and animal and plant oil mixed oil), which is more commonly used mineral oil. It is characterized by good thermal stability, rich resources and cheap price, but poor lubricity, it is mainly used to lower finishing cutting speed, non-ferrous materials processing and ease of cutting steel processing. The mechanical oil lubricating effect, so the use of a wide range of the ordinary fine cars, threaded finishing.

2. Extreme pressure cutting oils: Add in mineral oil, chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus and other extreme pressure additives prepared from it does not destroy the lubricating film at high temperature and having a good lubricating effect, the kind of cutting fluid, especially in the difficult materials cutting widely applied.

(C) The solid lubricant: The most used is molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Use the MoS2 to prevent and suppress the BUE produce, reducing cutting forces, can significantly extend tool life, reduce the surface roughness. Has been used to indicate, in the surface of the extrusion the pressure head of the hydraulic cylinder holes and mesh push knife coating of MoS2, eliminating the corrugated and the indentation of the processing surface, and the tool life can be doubled to improve. Particular note is the solid lubricant coated Mo class is a good environmentally friendly cutting fluid.

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